Well you change the length.
So if you are on a 3 meter wave, you use a 1.5 meter long dipole, If your antenna length is shorter, it will cater to higher frequencies. You just need to follow the 468/(Frequency in MHz) rule and select length. For all frequencies, choose one bang in middle 468/98 - 5%
If you want the complete maths, then I will have to guide you to 6 month semester in "antenna theory and applications" which is used to torture Electronics engineering students. Believe me I suffered through it. My analog designer friends are still suffering, so are poor board designers.
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