Software can only accelerate hardware failure and not cause it.
For example you may have some software which parks your disks every 30 seconds, and restart them. This would kill the drive soon.
But Vista doing that? I seriously doubt it. For all the flaws it may have, I seriously doubt something so silly could be happening.
I suspect a partition table corruption. Most people think the HDD is a write off after that, but there are tools available which can repair the parition table like set the LBA to a correct value etc.,
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