Dear Jaggu, Deepak and all – this is the detailed procedure for adapting an “Electronic Fuel Pump” into a petrol engine equipped CJ3B Jeep type vehicle.
The CJ3B fuel tank outlet is at the tank bottom. This is a very good feature as gravity aids the fuel system, so leave it as it is. The “original” CJ3B fuel tank had a screw-on fitting having taper threads, from which a metal pipe came out with a 90 degree bend. It is quite possible that after all the years in service / non-use, this feature may have become non-functional by any means. Therefore, my recommendation would be to introduce a flanged joint at the bottom of the tank. In order to do this, it is necessary to remove the tank from the vehicle, remove the “original” internal threaded joint (it is soldered on, so a good radiator fellow should get it off in no time), and then attach a BLG3 (BLG stands for BULGED, 3 means 8 mm nominal diameter) flared connector in place. This connector is readily available. It is used in all SOLEX carburetors fitted to Premier Padmini cars. So just get it off an old Padmini carburetor. This connector may be brazed to the tank but for doing this, the tank should never have been filled with petrol (new tank), otherwise do not even think of brazing, the tank will explode. Soldering is the only option, for which it is necessary that all petrol is drained off and the tank is kept open to atmosphere for at least one month. THIS OPERATION MUST BE CARRIED OUT WITH UTMOST CARE. After soldering, this connector will face downwards. Also assemble one similar connector on the top of the tank, at a location which is protected from abuse. This connector will face upwards and is for the return line. Now assemble the tank in the car. As these connectors are now BLG3, it is necessary that you ensure that all other connectors are also BLG3 only. Obtain a carburetor driven Maruti van fuel filter assembly of Purolator make. It is freely available and costs around 50 rupees. Mount this filter very close to the fuel tank outlet connector. Preferably orient this fuel filter vertically, recommended but not compulsory. The position must be somewhere inside the chassis so that the fuel filter is protected from road obstacles. For tests and initial use, obtain a good quality “plastic pipe” available at most auto shops across the country. The advantage is that this pipe is transparent so you will be able to see how the fuel is flowing and learn from the experience (I learnt, therefore I am writing this post). After everything is proved out, you will have to replace all these “plastic pipes” by good quality JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) compatible branded and braided hoses suitable for petrol, with JIS specification wire clips at all connectors. Connect the outlet of the tank to the inlet pipe on the fuel filter (the inlet is located in the centre of the filter, the outlet is located at the top of the fuel filter). Assemble the electronic fuel pump with the concentric “inlet / outlet” axis at about 15 degrees angle to the horizontal, the outlet point being above the inlet point. This is to allow cavitated fuel if any to freely flow out through the pump, allowing it to work properly. 15 degrees is an important design parameter. Do not deviate on this CC (critical characteristic). Connect the fuel filter outlet connector to the fuel pump inlet connector, using a suitable length of transparent plastic pipe. Assemble the outlet point of the electronic fuel pump to the mechanical fuel pump inlet connector. If the mechanical fuel pump has the tapered thread connection, replace it with suitable BLG connections at both ends. Route this pipe suitably away from the exhaust system and clip it properly. I use round clips removed out of old hand brake cables of Maruti 800 cars. My garage contacts remove all clips from the old hand brake cables before they throw away the cables. These clips are not available separately. Fortunately, these clips take the 8 mm OD pipe perfectly. For routing of the pipe from the mechanical pump to the carburetor, I recommend a routing away from the draft of the mechanical fan. The original design passes exactly behind the water pump and is affected by hot draft from the fan. I recommend the alternate routing because today’s petrol has low boiling factions and cavitates very easily. I recommend routing this pipe on the LH fender along with the pipe from the electronic fuel pump, then branching out below the bonnet hinge from the LH side of the car to the RH side. Bring this petrol pipe behind the carburetor. Now obtain a brass tee (it actually looks like the alphabet “T”). for this, you will have to scout around the “brass” markets found in any major city. In Mumbai, there is a shop in Opera House selling only brass connectors. I buy all my stock from there. The JIS for brass BLG3 connector specifies ID of 6.6 mm. Hold this tee connector in a vise with its centre leg facing up. Use an M6*1.0 tap in the ID of this leg and tap internal threads of M6*1.0 in the leg of the tee connector. For M6*1.0, initial hole diameter of 6.6 mm is required by JIS standard sheet to obtain technically correct threading. Obtain a “160” size idling air connector jet removed out of a Solex carburetor as used in Premier Padmini cars. This is a headless jet screwed on the main body above the volume control screw and has M6*1.0 external threads on it. Assemble this jet inside the threaded tee connector, using a screw driver. As there is no head, you will be able to assemble the plastic pipe on the tee with the jet inside it. This jet now acts as an “orifice”. Connect the fuel pipe from the mechanical fuel pump outlet to one end of the tee connector, connect the other end of the tee connector to the carburetor inlet. Connect the tee leg having the orifice to the fuel tank return line that you initially soldered on top of the fuel tank. The orifice leg should be preferably oriented facing up. Mount the tee connector on the firewall, using a suitable fastener. The system (phase 1) is now complete. This means that there is a phase 2 but I will give you phase 2 details after you give me your observations on the performance of phase 1, as I want you to try out phase 1 first.
Now with the engine off, connect the electronic fuel pump to a 12 volts supply off the battery and switch it on. It is better to have a switch on the dashboard to switch the electronic fuel pump on. Fuel will continue to flow through the electronic fuel pump even when it is electrically switched off. In winter, when the electronic fuel pump is not required, you may keep it off. You need not keep the electronic fuel pump on all the time as the tee connector is not in the suction line. The electronic fuel pump will make a clattering noise if there is air in it. Purge the pump manually for sometime if required, generally it is not required. The fuel will fill inside the filter body, then it will pass through the electronic pump, then through the mechanical pump, eventually it will reach the orifice. Fuel will then flow into the carburetor and at the same time it will also flow through the orifice back into the fuel tank. If you do not use the orifice, most of the fuel will return back to the tank and the engine will starve. It took me 1 month of intense testing on the engine dynamometer for FTP (full throttle performance) / road to freeze the orifice size. Ensure that all pipes are full with liquid fuel. Start the engine ad check the system for mechanical integrity. Rectify if required. It is very important to remember that with sufficient quantity of fuel in the tank, if you see bubbles coming continuously in the suction line before the electronic fuel pump when the pump is electrically switched off, then the fuel tank is dirty and needs to be replaced as it cannot be cleaned.
Now drive the car and let me know the performance of the fuel system. I am sure you must have found this data interesting. Please think what will be phase 2, which is healthy food for the grey cells. I can write this post with so much confidence because I have actually rectified this problem on a representative car. A car which initially took 5 hours to climb a 7 kms long gradient, could climb the same gradient in 7 minutes with full power. I conducted the test for 19 days continuously on the same gradient. I have the complete data with me. This is the advantage of being a professional vehicle test engineer. Everybody does not get such a fantastic opportunity to learn.
Best regards,
Behram Dhabhar
Last edited by DHABHAR.BEHRAM : 18th March 2010 at 22:56.
Reason: add info
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