Got a mail from The don- asking for comments on the case of a broken camshaft in his DDIS.
Though he has closed the issue- well for what its worth (apologies for a lecture on basic schoolboy Physics):
The camshaft broke as a result of “THERMAL SHOCK”—it is not a very uncommon occurrence- and can happen to any part of an engine (Cast metal parts suffer easily), not necessarily the Camshafts. Late 90’s VW turbo diesels were, however, particularly susceptible to only camshafts cracking as a result of thermal shock. I have seen hundreds of cracked engine blocks, camshafts, crankshafts etc., in the course of my career: I have also subjected various engines and components to this in development and testing laboratories .
To understand this phenomenon: Take a piece of Glass- put it into a pan of water- boil it – when its very hot put the Glass into a bowl of room temperature water. You will see that the glass will CRACK (it may just crack from air). This is due to “Thermal Shock”.
In this case one could say that the crack has occurred not because of OVERHEATING of the glass but because of “OVERCOOLING” (though rapid cooling would be more technically correct.)
Some years ago, a colleague of mine cracked his own engine into two halves.
His radiator cap was defective. Whilst waiting for a new cap to arrive, he carried on driving to work and back, keeping an eye on the temp. gauge to make sure it wasn’t overheating. He was losing about 2 litres of coolent a day- and refilling every morning before starting off. The radiator cap arrived, he went to the shop, stopped his car- which was now at full operating temperature- outside, put two litres of coolent in fitted the cap, started the car- before he could even put it in gear—the engine seized.
His engine had not cooled down enough for the ambient temperature coolent not to cause a Thermal Shock! In the DDIS’s case- the question might be asked: Then why only the Camshaft and not other parts of the engine?
It is because of the phenomenon of “HOT SPOTS”.—it would take too long to explain this here, but if anyone is interested, please Google It.
Basically, the architecture of the Internal Combustion Engine is such that try as hard as engine designers may- it is impossible to totally do away with hot spots developing. As the description implies- basically hot spots are parts of the engine which are hotter than others- this occurs for a variety of reasons, and over the period of an engines life can also change location, for example with the buildup of sludge in the oil circuit, where it might slow down the circulation of oil in a particular location or speed it up in another. The hot spot mostly is not more than a few degrees hotter than the rest----- but this is enough for it to be the first to suffer from Stress- Shock.
Generally, the first stress- shock event dissipates the Shock energy from everything else—so that the damage only occurs there.-------- however multiple fractures in different parts have been known to happen, and I have seen camshafts broken in two places (The VW TDi’s).
An engine has three cooling systems: no1. Oil- (Thickest), No2. Water/Coolent,- (Thinner) No3. Atmospheric Air.- (Thinnest)
Oil takes the heat from the engine and passes it to the Coolent Water which then passes it into the air(through the radiator).
It follows, therefore, :
that if there is a sudden loss of coolent ( and the engine is still running) there will be Overheating - because there is nothing for the Oil to pass the heat to.
If there is a sudden loss of Oil- and the engine immediately switched off i.e. the source of heat is stopped- there will be rapid cooling----- leading to a Thermal Shock Event. When an engine overheats- Driven whils’t starved of oil- multiple damages will occur: Bearings, bores, Rings even Cracks etc.. When a Thermal Shock Event happens- it will mostly (depending on the specific engine architecture) happen in one place. This can be anywhere from engine block to camshafts, crankshaft etc…
Clearly in Mr. Don’s case:
1. the engine did not overheat.
2. The engine was not started until the SA had replaced the oil sump etc.. And the SA immediately shut down the engine upon detecting DETONATION (knocking)- For this, must actually pat the SA on the back. You obviously have a very competent SA.
These engines run extremely lean. The timing is not adjustable- and is effectively locked into place. So the minutest variation from the Inlet Camshaft will induce Detonation. (from the pictures I notice this is the inlet cam.)
3. The camshaft broke due to a Thermal Shock event- which occurred due to a rapid loss of Oil together with a switching off of the engine. Unfortunately a Double edged sword: Had Mr. Don not shut down the engine immediately- he would have had far greater damage due to overheating!!!
I suggest you approach a University/ reknown engineering college which has a metallurgy dept. Take the Broken camshaft and I’m sure they will be able to verify that the it is caused by a Thermal Shock event.
With this- approach the insurance company again, and if necessary take it further. |