Understandably several members have doubts about the efficacy of EVs as the prime mode of future road transport. Many reasons are cited – inadequate range; too long charging time; inadequate charging infrastructure; coal based thermal power, too high a purchase price and so on. Whenever a significant change is on the horizon it is human tendency to cling to the familiar despite its shortcomings and scorn the change because at times change is frightening. Change pushes us from our comfort zones.
The resistance to EVs as reflected on Team BHP reminds me of the time when cell phones were first introduced c.1995 or 1996. The same skepticism was visible 10X with the introduction of the internet, in India, around the mid-1990s. The same I saw with email – in my company email was installed in a moment of enthusiasm in 1996. But my first email to anyone outside the company went in late 1997 as before that there was no one amongst my clients or my suppliers to send an email to! The same resistance, almost violent resistance, I witnessed when computers (or really PCs) were attempted to be introduced in the early 1980s. Resistance from unions, resistance from our seniors who were completely clueless, scorn from anyone over 35, bank strikes over computerization and what not. The same is happening with the scepticism regarding EVs.
The charging infrastructure will naturally follow demand and usually faster than we believe. Once real world range with a 20% safety charge crosses 300 kms, the use of EV's will spread as that range will address ~90% of the daily needs of ~90% of consumers.
EV 'tank-to-wheels' efficiency is about a factor of 3X higher than internal combustion engine vehicles. Energy is not consumed while the vehicle is stationary, unlike internal combustion engines which consume fuel while idling. However, looking at the oil well-to-wheel efficiency of EVs, their total emissions, while still lower, are closer to an efficient gasoline or diesel in most countries where electricity generation relies on fossil fuels. Oil well-to-wheel efficiency of an EV has less to do with the vehicle itself and more to do with the method of electricity production. A particular EV would instantly become twice as efficient as electricity production gradually switches from fossil fuel renewable sources of energy. Thus, when "well-to-wheels" is cited, one should keep in mind that the discussion is no longer about the vehicle, but rather about the entire energy supply infrastructure – in the case of fossil fuels this should also include energy spent on exploration, mining, refining, and distribution. The desire and need to move away from coal & gas is a trend that is already in motion -- this is long term infrastructure -- it will take time -- but short of a antithesis of a miracle it will happen. We take our fibre optic for granted today but as recently as 1997 the DoT would not sanction more than 4 Mbps per company - yes you read that figure right.
The lifecycle analysis of EVs shows that even when powered by the most carbon intensive electricity in Europe, they emit less greenhouse gases than a conventional diesel vehicle*
Where the other big argument of electricity coming from coal or gas or oil based plants – well that’s true today. Very true. But we are driving a change for the next 100 odd years or more and that change will unfold over 15 to 30 years. That perspective of time needs to be kept while repeating the argument. What is important is not how much energy comes from thermal but how fast is the share of renewable sources of energy growing.
Talking only with reference to India:
Wind power accounts for nearly 10% of India's total installed power generation capacity and generated 62.03 TeraWh in the fiscal year 2018–19, which is nearly 4% of total electricity generation. The capacity utilization factor is ~19%. 70% of annual wind generation is during the five months duration from May to September coinciding with Southwest monsoon duration. In India, solar power is complementary to wind power as it is generated mostly during the non-monsoon period in daytime. As of 30 September 2020, the total installed wind power capacity was 38,124 MW, the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.
Solar power in India -- the country's solar installed capacity was 35,739 MW as of 31 August 2020. Total solar generation stood at 50.13 teraWh or ~3.6% of the country’s total. And 5 of the world’s 10 largest solar plants are in India. It is myopic to look at these single digit numbers of share in power generation and scoff. What is more important is the trend that points to the future.
Solar energy is now being stored in brine solutions which in turn are used to run steam turbines to ensure night time usage of solar energy. This was a technique developed by the Israelis in the late 1980s-early 1990s and is now finding industrial scale application!
Eventually in 25 years or 30 years the efficiency of solar panels will get to a point where over 50% of the charge needed by the car’s battery will come from the solar roof of the car itself. Don’t doubt it. Financing & owning car patterns will change to leasing it for the day or the month or the quarter becoming more prevalent. As safety standards evolve and technology matures swapping of batteries will develop in parallel to charging infrastructure. Scooters with the need for small batteries and shorter ranges and trucks with their greater capacity to carry batteries might move to EVs faster than cars. For those decrying our power outages - India does not have a electricity generation problem anymore. Now we have a distribution infrastructure to address.
Embrace change. It is the only constant.
*References below
https://www.autoblog.com/2015/11/17/...than-gas-cars/ https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default...ull-report.pdf
Bhadla Solar Park, Rajasthan. 2245 MW installed capacity. The world's largest solar plant.
Andasol Solar Plant, Spain. 150 MW. Energy stored in molten salt and used during the night/cloudy days via steam turbines - 7.5 hours at full capacity! There is more happening than most of us realize.
Stella Vie. World's most powerful, longest ranged solar powered car designed by students of University of Eindhoven, Netherlands. 48kwh consumption at 69 kmph. Won the Australian solar car event in 2017 over 3000 kms. When parked can feed energy back to the grid.