While many people choose alloy wheels for their beauty, there are equally important performance benefits to be derived ...
Performance Benefits of alloy wheels !
Reduced Unsprung Weight Compared to Steel Wheels
This is one of the most critical factors affecting a vehicle's road holding ability. Unsprung weight is that portion of a vehicle that is not supported by the suspension (i.e. wheels, tires and brakes) and therefore most susceptible to road shock and cornering forces. By reducing unsprung weight, alloy wheels provide more precise steering input and improved "turning in" characteristics.
Improved Acceleration and Braking
By reducing the weight of the vehicle's rotational mass, alloy wheels provide more responsive acceleration and braking.
Added Rigidity
The added strength of a quality alloy wheel can significantly reduce wheel/tire deflection in cornering. This is particularly critical with an automobile equipped with high performance tires where lateral forces are high.
Increased Brake Cooling
The metals in alloy wheels are excellent conductors of heat - improving heat dissipation from the brakes - reducing risk of brake fade under demanding conditions. Additionally, alloy wheels can be designed to allow more cooling air to flow over the brakes.
What's the difference in choosing wheels?
Choosing wheels seems very easy.Most differences are cosmetic but some are also practical. Which material is best is a hotly debated topic.
Most common are steel and aluminium alloy, exotic materials like carbon fibres being way out of financial reach of most of-roaders. You simply can't compare them as they are completely different by construction.
Comparison - Alloy Wheel Vs Steel Wheel
Most genuine wheels are made of steel. A stamped inner part is junctioned to a rolled outer rim and now-adays welded together. If you look at older rims,you can still see that they were riveted together. The setup is strong, easy to repair but most important, cheap to fabricate. They can be painted over and over again.Many manufacturers use the same production method but take stronger and/or thicker materials to increase load capacity and they also make them in sizes better suited to after-market tires. The biggest disadvantage of steel is it's weight or rather it's lack of performance. An alloy wheel will accelerate faster and stop quicker as well as reducing load on shocks and steering linkages. How can such a small weight difference make up for a drastic change you may ask. After all the difference will rarely exceed 8 pounds per wheel. This would be true in a static situation. !
But the wheel is a dynamic part on the car. It's weight must be accelarated and braked, it's movements must be tamed. And everyone familiar with physics laws can tell you that a moving parts inertia is completely different from a static part as the rest of the axle is (in this example).
There's a tremdous amount of force stored in a rotating wheel. You need much energy to get it up to speed and you need also good brakes to bring it down. The steering linkages will wear faster too.The heavier a wheel/tire combo the more energy is needed. Similar for shock absorbers. If you have a heavy wheel they will take a beating. So aim for the lowest possible weight.
A steel wheel will also bend much earlier than an alloy wheel. But the distinct advantage is that you can hammer a steel wheel back in shape while an alloy wheel will usually break... So if you intend to do many miles far away from civilization keep the steel.